Legal Liability of Passenger Insurance

Posted on: February 13, 2026

Why Is Passenger Liability Insurance Important?
What's the Difference: LLOP vs LLP (LLTP)?
Coverage, Premiums & Key Exclusions
How to Make a Claim
Why Adding Passenger Liability Cover Makes Sense
Protecting Yourself & Your Passengers

By the end of 2022, Malaysia recorded more than 16 million privately owned vehicles. While comprehensive motor insurance protects your own vehicle against theft, fire, and accidental damage, it does not automatically cover situations where your passenger causes injury or damage to others. Such protection is only provided if you add the Legal Liability of Passengers (LLOP) extension. Likewise, injuries suffered by your own passengers are not covered by default, even under comprehensive insurance. This protection is only available if you add the Legal Liability to Passengers (LLTP/LLP) extension. This guide summarises what both LLOP and LLTP cover, why they matter, and what they typically cost.

Why Is Passenger Liability Insurance Important?

Many drivers choose comprehensive car insurance believing it provides complete protection. However, both comprehensive and third‑party policies exclude two important areas by default:

Liability arising from your passenger’s actions, and
Injuries suffered by your own passengers.

For example, if your passenger accidentally injures someone; such as swinging a door into a passing motorcyclist or a child throwing an object out of the window, you, as the vehicle owner, can still be held legally liable for compensation.

What's the Difference: LLOP vs LLP (LLTP)?

LLOP (Legal Liability of Passengers, sometimes called Endorsement 72)

LLOP protects you (the car owner) if your passenger's careless action injures someone else or damages their property. LLOP will cover your legal and compensation costs.

Coverage limits: Same as your main third-party insurance (unlimited for injury/death, up to RM3 million for property damage)
LLOP does not pay anything to the passenger who caused the accident—it pays the victim (third party) and your legal defence costs

LLP / LLTP (Legal Liability to Passengers, sometimes called Endorsement 100)

LLP covers your passengers if they are injured because of your driving—for example, if you crash or lose control.

LLP pays for their medical bills, lost income, and court-awarded damages (within policy limits)
Today, LLP also covers accidents during getting in/out of the car
Important update: A Federal Court ruling in Nov 2024 confirmed that passengers can claim under LLP even if the trip was for work/business, closing an old loophole

Coverage, Premiums & Key Exclusions

How Much Does Passenger Liability Cover Cost?

LLOP: Flat rate RM7.5 per year for most vehicles (check with your insurer for the latest rates).
LLP: Usually charged as a percentage of your basic third-party premium (often around 25%, but may vary).

※Premiums and coverage limits may vary by insurer, vehicle model, and other factors. Always refer to your insurance provider for up-to-date information.

How to Make a Claim

If you need to file a motor insurance claim, following the correct steps will help ensure a smoother and faster process. Here’s what you should do:

Report the Incident
If your car is involved in an accident, theft, or any other loss, report it to the relevant authorities—such as the police—immediately. This is essential for your claim to be valid.
Notify Your Insurer
Contact your insurance provider as soon as possible to notify them of the incident. Many insurers offer a claims hotline or online portal for this purpose.
Assist with the Investigation
Work with any insurance-appointed adjusters or surveyors who may contact you. They might need to inspect your vehicle or gather additional information to assess the claim.
Submit the Required Documents
Complete the claim form provided by your insurer, and prepare all necessary supporting documents (such as police report, photographs, repair estimates, and a copy of your driving license). Submit these documents as instructed by your insurer.

Visit our car insurance claim guide for more information.

Why Adding Passenger Liability Cover Makes Sense

For just a few ringgits a year, you can protect yourself from unexpected bills if your passenger causes an accident or gets injured. This is especially important if you often drive with family, colleagues, or friends. Adding LLOP or LLP to your policy is an affordable way to enhance your coverage and peace of mind in everyday situations.

Protecting Yourself & Your Passengers

LLOP: Protects you if your passenger causes damage/injury to others
LLP: Protects your passengers if your driving causes them injury

Don't wait until an accident occurs to discover you are not covered—add passenger liability insurance when you renew your policy, and drive with confidence!

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Tokio Marine AutoPro Brochure (English)

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Tokio Marine AutoPro Brochure (BM)

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The benefit(s) payable under eligible policy is protected by PIDM up to limits. Please refer to PIDM’s TIPS Brochure or contact TMIM or PIDM (visit www.pidm.gov.my).

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